[29] In hemochromatosis, excess amounts of iron accumulate in multiple body sites, including the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis. [7] Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer. [70] Unlike steatosis and cirrhosis, no imaging test is able to detect liver inflammation (i.e. Fulminant hepatitis most commonly occurs in hepatitis B, D, and E. About 1–2% of cases of hepatitis E can lead to fulminant hepatitis, but pregnant women are particularly susceptible, occurring in up to 20% of cases. [29] However, the degree of elevation (i.e. [16], Despite the relatively benign course of most viral cases of hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis represents a rare but feared complication. [4], Worldwide in 2015, hepatitis A occurred in about 114 million people, chronic hepatitis B affected about 343 million people and chronic hepatitis C about 142 million people. [16][82][158] A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies that included 3968 people found maternal case-fatality rates (CFR) of 20.8% and fetal CFR of 34.2%; among women who developed fulminant hepatic failure, CFR was 61.2%. [107] Hospitalization may be required for particularly severe cases or for pregnant women. Hepatitis A (ranije poznat kao infektivni hepatitis) je akutno zarazno oboljenje jetre uzrokovano virusom hepatitisa A (HAV). [73][74] People in these groups who are not already immune can receive the hepatitis A vaccine. This page was last changed on 26 October 2017, at 05:21. [47] Hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease are both autosomal recessive diseases involving abnormal storage of minerals. Hepatitis lahko povzročajo različni dejavniki, kot so okužbe, pretirano uživanje alkohola, razna zdravila, kemične snovi in strupi, motnje v presnovi (npr. [11] In the United States, NASH affects about 11 million people and alcoholic hepatitis affects about 5 million people. [93], Because hepatitis A is transmitted primarily through the oral-fecal route, the mainstay of prevention aside from vaccination is good hygiene, access to clean water and proper handling of sewage. [16] The most common mode of transmission of hepatitis C virus is exposure to blood products via blood transfusions (prior to 1992) and intravenous drug injection. [9], Once it is acquired, persistence of the hepatitis C virus is the rule, resulting in chronic hepatitis C. The goal of treatment is prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [16][98], Similar to Hepatitis A, hepatitis E manifests as large outbreaks and epidemics associated with fecal contamination of water sources. [41], Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease caused by an abnormal immune response against liver cells. [19] In patients with compensated cirrhosis, treatment is recommended regardless of HBeAg status or ALT level, but recommendations differ regarding HBV DNA levels; AASLD recommends treating at DNA levels detectable above 2x103 IU/mL; EASL and WHO recommend treating when HBV DNA levels are detectable at any level. [32][62] In these cases PTX may be considered on a case-by-case basis in lieu of CS; some evidence shows PTX is better than no treatment at all and may be comparable to CS while other data show no evidence of benefit over placebo. In this case, alcoholic and nonalcoholic hepatitis can be distinguished by the pattern of liver enzyme abnormalities; specifically, in alcoholic steatohepatitis AST>ALT with ratio of AST:ALT>2:1 while in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ALT>AST with ratio of ALT:AST>1.5:1. Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. [144] In Canada, 56% of HCV related costs are attributable to cirrhosis and total expenditures related to the virus are expected to peak at CAD$396 million in the year 2032. [3], Hepatitis A, B, and D are preventable with immunization. MMWR 1999", "Hepatitis A And Hepatitis B Vaccine (Intramuscular Route)", "Phase IV Clinical Trial of Recombinant Hepatitis E Vaccine（Hecolin） - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov", "Drinking Levels Defined | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)", "Hepatitis A: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries", "Pinkbook | Hepatitis B | Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases | CDC", "Commentary | U.S. 2013 Surveillance Data for Viral Hepatitis | Statistics & Surveillance  | Division of Viral Hepatitis | CDC", "The Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease", "Enhancing our understanding of current therapies for Hepatitis C virus (HCV)", "Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D", "HEV FAQs for Health Professionals | Division of Viral Hepatitis | CDC", "The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of STeroids Or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis (STOPAH): a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial", "Infection with the delta agent in chronic HBsAg carriers", "Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression", "Hepatitis A Information | Division of Viral Hepatitis | CDC", "Hepatitis A Questions and Answers for Health Professionals | Division of Viral Hepatitis | CDC", "Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States", "Alcoholic hepatitis: current challenges and future directions", "Alcoholic hepatitis and concomitant hepatitis C virus infection", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: epidemiology, clinical course, investigation, and treatment", "A brief history of hepatitis milestones", "The road not taken or how I learned to love the liver: A personal perspective on hepatitis history", "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976", "Current and Future Burden of Chronic Nonmalignant Liver Disease", "Reducing the neglected burden of viral hepatitis in Africa: Strategies for a global approach", "The economics of treating chronic hepatitis B in Asia", "The impact of hepatitis C burden: an evidence-based approach", "Burden of disease and cost of chronic hepatitis C infection in Canada", "Community Is Reeling From Hepatitis Outbreak", "Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV+ men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Prevalence and burden of HCV co-infection in people living with HIV: a global systematic review and meta-analysis", "A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part 1: Immunization of Infants, Children, and Adolescents", "AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B", "Safety of tenofovir during pregnancy for the mother and fetus: a systematic review", "Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus: systematic review and meta-analysis", "Case-fatality risk of pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis type E: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Viral Hepatitis at the Centers for Disease Control, Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis, Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hepatitis&oldid=999665795, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The recovery phase is characterized by resolution of the clinical symptoms of hepatitis with persistent elevations in, People with poor sanitary habits such as not washing hands after using the restroom or changing diapers, People who do not have access to clean water, People in close contact (either living with or having sexual contact) with someone who has hepatitis A, People traveling to an area with endemic hepatitis A, Born in countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B is high (defined as ≥2% of the population), whether or not they have been vaccinated, Born in the United States whose parents are from countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B is very high (defined as ≥8% of the population), and who were not vaccinated, In close contact with (i.e. [122] It is a common medical reason for liver transplantation due to its severe complications. There is a Hepatitis A vaccine available for … [154] Green onion had caused similar outbreaks of hepatitis A in the southern United States prior to this, but not to the same magnitude. Krugman also controversially took feces from infected students, blended it into milkshakes, and fed it to newly admitted children. Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis A. [19], The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (AASLD-IDSA) recommend antiviral treatment for all patients with chronic hepatitis C infection except for those with additional chronic medical conditions that limit their life expectancy. [16][17] In addition to the signs of acute hepatitis, people can also demonstrate signs of coagulopathy (abnormal coagulation studies with easy bruising and bleeding) and encephalopathy (confusion, disorientation, and sleepiness). [153], The largest outbreak of hepatitis A virus in United States history occurred among people who ate at a now-defunct Mexican food restaurant located in Monaca, Pennsylvania in late 2003. [50] Congenital or perinatal infection with the hepatitis viruses, toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and syphilis can cause neonatal hepatitis. Hepatitis Inkubacija Prijenos Simptomi Cjepivo Prevencija A 15 do 50 dana zaražena voda i hrana, prljave ruke, izmet, krv i tjelesne tekućine : žutica, umor, bol u trbuhu, gubitak apetita, mučnina, proljev, temperatura i groznica; odrasli imaju češće simptome nego djeca : da; rizičnim skupinama, te onima koji pate od nekih bolesti (hemofilija, kronične bolesti jetre, hepatitis B i C [2], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Hepatitis A: Questions and Answers for the Public", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hepatitis_A&oldid=5832643, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Using ice that was made from contaminated water, Foods that are not cooked are more likely to spread hepatitis A because cooking food will kill the virus. [16], Parasites can also infect the liver and activate the immune response, resulting in symptoms of acute hepatitis with increased serum IgE (though chronic hepatitis is possible with chronic infections). [2] Vrijeme koje protekne između infekcije i pojave simptoma, kod onih kod kojih se razviju, je između dvije i šest sedmica. [105] Genotype 1 (GT1), which is the most prevalent genotype in the United States and around the world, can now be cured with a direct acting antiviral regimen. [45] Up to 40% of cases present with signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis. [68][69] CT and especially MRI are able to provide a higher level of detail, allowing visualization and characterize such structures as vessels and tumors within the liver. For some people, hepatitis B infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. [32] Long-term alcohol intake in excess of 80 grams of alcohol a day in men and 40 grams a day in women is associated with development of alcoholic hepatitis (1 beer or 4 ounces of wine is equivalent to 12g of alcohol). This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 09:18. 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